مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 117، مهر و آبان 1400)

Increasing drug use among adolescents has reached an epidemicThis study aimed Causal Modeling of Tendency to Addiction Based on Anxiety Sensitivity Mediated by Mediation Difficult in Emotion Regulation in Male Adolescents.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The whole students studying in Parsabad city in the year 2019 formed the statistical population of this study. Two hundred thirty-one of them were selected through cluster sampling from above statistical population and they were asked to respond to questionnaires of anxiety sensitivity, tendency to addiction and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equating modeling (SEM) using SPSS-25 and  Lisrel 8.8software.

The results showed that anxiety sensitivity was directly and indirectly associated with tendency to addiction (with difficulty mediating emotion regulation). The research model is well-fitted with difficult mediation in emotion regulation. Model fit indices also confirmed the association between anxiety sensitivity to addiction tendency and difficulty in emotion regulation.

The results showed that anxiety sensitivity as an independent variable and difficulty in emotion regulation as mediator variable are important factors in predicting addiction tendency. Which can be useful in planning prevention interventions and workshops to manage and control emotion and anxiety adjustment strategies.

Candida albicans is the most common fungus pathogen in terms of biofilm colonization and formation. Considering that the biofilm-producing Candida species show less sensitivity to anti-fungus medicines, hence the treatment should be accomplished through other anti-fungus factors with high effect and low cytotoxicity. In parallel with this, the present study investigated the C. albicans biofilm formation in the presence of Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets.

Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets synthesis were done through the Hummer Method using natural graphite. After 24 hours of incubating of C. albicans with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ppm of Nano-sheets, biofilm formation was investigated through the ELISA method, and results were analyzed by SPSS ver.18 software (p <0.01).

Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets was more effective to control C. albicans biofilm compared to Reduced Graphene Oxide (p < 0.01). The most effective concentration in biofilm formation was 100 ppm and the best  time was 48 and 24 hours for Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide respectively (p < 0.01).

According to the obtained results, Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets and Reduced Graphene Oxide can be proposed for further investigations to control Candida albicans.

Ovarian dermoid cysts are congenital developmental abnormalities, a dominant somatic cell layer. Dermoid cysts are formed more than the epidermis and skin attachments and are located in abnormal places. In this study, a female was introduced with a dermal ovarian cyst containing three adult teeth. The patient has referred to the Sabzevar Vasei Hospital.

 A 35-year-old woman with nausea, suprapubic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding refered to Vasaie Hospital Sabzevar, according to ultrasound and Diagnosis of left ovarian dermoid cyst, Laparoscopy was performed and the cyst was removed. The removed cysts contained mucous fluid, fatty substances, hair, and three teeth in particular. On abdominal examination, reported pain and tenderness in the left quadrant. Other clinical and rectal examinations was normal and at the cytology tests, the level of plasma hemoglobin and hematocrit was decreased.

According to the reported case, the cysts should be examined for genetic material, or stem cells.

Having an infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is very stressful and increases the risk of postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness intervention on the prevention of postpartum depression in mothers with preterm infants admitted to NICU.

: In an interventional study, postpartum depression was compared in three groups under mindfulness-based developmental care (group 34 = 1), developmental care (group 39 = 2) and control (group 3 = 50). Sampling was purposive and group assignment was random. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Inventory and the Demographic Information Questionnaire.

The results of covariance analysis showed that the mean score of postpartum depression in the two months postpartum in the mindfulness-based developmental care group was significantly lower than the other two groups (pvalue <.01) While 78% of postpartum depression changes could be explained by the intervention R2 = 78%..

Mindfulness based interventions are effective in reducing postpartum depression scores and it is recommended that these interventions be considered at the NICUs for better effectiveness of developmental care programs and reduction of psychological complications in mothers.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer related death for both men and women in the United States of America (US) and also, is the third and fourth common cancer in Iranian men and women, respectively. It is curable in its early stages; we hypothesized” the inflammatory gene expression level of the peripheral monocytes of CRC patients is different from control healthy persons”. Therefore, this research was done with the aim of finding of the role of inflammation in the formation of CRC to help diagnosis and treatment of CRC in its early stages on the basis of its immunopathological view.

Inthis case-control study, the expression level of TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and NOS2 genes was compared following RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from isolated monocytes of stage II CRC patients (confirmed by TNM method and before any chemotherapyand radiotherapy n=12) versus non-CRC healthy/controls (referred for CRC screening n=12) by qPCR method. The β- actin gene was used as the reference gene in this research.

In CRC patients’ monocytes, the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 genes were significantly less than those of healthy controls (p < 0.05). The NLRP3 gene expression level in CRC group was slightly higher but, not significant. In contrast, the expression level of NOS2 gene in CRC group was significantly higher than that of in healthy controls (p < 0.05).

On the basis of the variations of the gene expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and NOS2 in monocytes of stage II CRC patients and the role of inflammation in its formation, it is possible using this variations as CRC prognosis and in time treatment along with other methods; though, it needs more investigations.

Penicillin G (PG) is one of the most widely antibiotics used around the world. The release of PG in an aqueous solution leads to contamination of water resources. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of modified Eskanbil activated carbon for the removal of PG from aqueous solutions. The NH4Cl-induced activated carbon was synthesized by a simple method and used for the degradation of PG in contaminated water.

Activated carbon was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The influence of important parameters including solution pH, contact time, and initial PG concentration, and dosage of adsorbent was examined on the efficiency of EAC in degradation of penicillin G in aqueous solution.

The synthesized carbon was characterized. The BET results indicated that the surface area of the Activated Carbon catalyst was1473 m2/g. The maximum PG adsorption onto EAC was observed at the pH of 6. The PG removal of 33% at an EAC concentration of 0.1 g/L increased to 99.98% at an activated carbon concentration of 0.5 g/L. The isotherm and kinetic studies of PG removal by EAC showed that the Freundlich model (R2>0.995) and the pseudo-second-order (R2>0.983) equation represented the best fit with the adsorption data.

EAC is recommended as a suitable and cost-efficient adsorbent for removing poisons, pharmaceuticals, and other emerging contaminants from water resources.

Today, carotenoids draw attention because of their antioxidant and antitumor properties and also usage as natural food colors. In this study, the biotechnological production of carotenoid by the yeast Rhodoturola musilaginosa and its effect on the lipid profile of male mouse were investigated.

In this semi-experimental study, carotenoids were extracted from R. mucilaginosa using the Davis method. Twenty four male mice were randomly divided into four groups of six each. Two treatment groups received 16 and 32 mg/kg carotenoid peritoneally. One group received 400 mg/kg R. mucilaginosa powder by gavage. Control group received 0.5 ml physiological serum intraperitoneally. Blood samples were then collected and lipid profile was studied for triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL. The results were analyzed by SPSS 21 and comparisons were conducted using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test.

The lowest serum concentrations of triglyceride and VLDL were observed in the group given 32 mg/kg carotenoid compared to the gavage and control groups. Mean serum cholesterol and HDL concentrations in the groups were not significantly different. The highest mean LDL concentration was observed in the gavage group.

According to the results of this study, R. muscilaginosa carotenoid decreased serum concentrations of triglyceride, VLDL and cholesterol. Therefore, it seems that the possibility of using it as a dietary supplement be helpful.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in humans. Due to the antibiotic resistance, treatment of staphylococcal infections is difficult. Among the alternative treatment options, plants are considered as a rich source of material with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the antimicrobial effects of ethyl acetatic, methanolic and water-methanolic extracts from Satureja khuzistanica, Peganum harmala, Satureja sahendica onplanktonic growth and biofilm formation of S. aureus.

The extracts were prepared from different parts of plants and the antimicrobial properties of the extracts were determined by disk diffusion and microbroth dilution method. Also, Crystal violet staining assay was used to evaluate the ability to inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus strains. Disruption of pre-formed biofilms of S. aureus strains were evaluated following exposure to plant extracts in different concentrations (ranging from 3/125 to 400mg/ml).

The highest inhibitory zones were showed by ethyl acetatic extract of Satureja sahendica (28/6±0.6mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethyl acetatic extract of S.khuzistanica were 1/562 and 3/125mg/ml, respectively. Besides, methanolic extract of S. khuzistanica was the most effective extract in inhibition of microbial cells attachment to surface (57/89%) and it showed disruption of pre-formed biofilms at the concentration of 50 mg/ml.

The extracts of all mentioned plants had satisfactory antimicrobial effects against the planktonic growth of S. aureus and methanolic extract of S. khuzistanica was effective against biofilm formation of S. aureus.

Sleep deprivation is one of those factors that affect the energy intake and appetite of individuals. It is reported that sleep deprivation affected by certain hormones (e.g. insulin, Leptin, ghrelin, and cholecystokinin, etc.) that are involved in energy balance may affect body weight through appetite. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 30-hours sleep deprivation on the response of leptin and ghrelin levels to an Exhaustive activity among active male students.

Among the active male students of Razi University of Kermanshah, 20 undergraduate students were selected through convenience sampling and participated in the study. Subjects were evaluated by simple randomized cross-sectional design in two situations.

Information related to the comparison of post-test and pre-test in two experimental (sleep deprivation) and control (adequate sleep) situations showed that leptin hormone in sleep deprivation conditions decreased compared to rest conditions (9.4 %) And ghrelin hormone in experimental conditions increased compared to control conditions (2.04%) and this difference is considered significant at the level (p = 0.0012). Insomnia also caused significant changes in physiological parameters (VO2max, heart rate, blood pressure, time to exhaustion, etc.).

30 hours of sleep deprivation decreased leptin and at the same time increased ghrelin, which indicates the importance of night sleep, which is one of the influential factors associated with obesity and overweight.

Considering the results of various studies on the role of emotional experiences in cardiovascular disease, it seems that emotional regulation can be an important factor in the occurrence or exacerbation of these diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional regulation training on reappraisal and suppression the emotional experiences of cardiovascular patients.

The present study is a semi-experimental project with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all cardiovascular patients in Kermanshah in 2018, of which 30 were selected as participants by available sampling method and were randomly selected in two groups of experiments and controls (15 people in each group). The emotion regulation intervention for the experimental group was performed in 8 sessions of ninety minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. An emotional adjustment questionnaire (ERQ) was used to collect information. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (P <0.05); this means that emotion regulation training increased the reappraisal strategy and reduced the suppression strategy of the experimental group compared to the control group.

The results of the present study showed that emotion regulation training can serve as an effective intervention by increasing the reappraisal strategy and reducing the suppression strategy of emotional experiences to improve cardiovascular disease.

The Postpartum depression is a high prevalence health issue. Aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive -behavioral and acceptance and commitment therapies to anger in women with postpartum depression.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and 3-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population was women with postpartum depression who referred to health centers in the west of Alborz province in 2019. 45 of these patients with Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, their depression was confirmed, selected by available sampling method and by random sampling method in two experimental groups and one control (15 people in each group), Were located. The groups responded to the Persian version of the Spielberger state-trait anger expression inventory-2, for a pre-test. The members of Experimental group 1 received cognitive-behavioral therapy, and experimental group 2 received acceptance-commitment therapy. Control group did not receive any intervention. In the post-test, this questionnaire was administered again.

The mean and standard deviation of anger were 182.96±21.76 in the pre-test, 143.13±40.07 in the post-test, and 142.31±40.55 in the follow-up. Mean difference between cognitive-behavioral groups and acceptance and commitment therapy with the control was significant (P=0.000). Mean difference between the groups of cognitive-behavioral and acceptance and commitment therapy was not significant (P=1.000). In follow-up, mean difference between cognitive-behavioral and control was not significant (P=0.054), mean difference between acceptance and commitment therapy and control was significant (P=0.018).

Considering the more stable effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy, it is suggested that, to reduce anger in women with postpartum depression, preferential treatment be considered.

Existential therapy examines man's self-awareness and his ability to look beyond his own problems and existential issues.The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparison of the existential therapy effewctivity and compassion-based therapy on psychological well-being and marital disturbance of women with the marital conflict.

The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group.The research community includes all married women who had referred to Sabzevar counseling centers in the first six months of 2019 due to marital disputes among them, 45 women were selected availabe. The experimental group was treated for 8 sessions of 90-minute weekly treatment and the witness group did not receive any intervention during this period.Schneider's marital confusion questionnaire(1997) and psychological well-being scale(1989) were the research tools. To analyze the data, a repeated measurement analysis of variance test and Ben Ferroni tracking test were used.

Research findings showed that the impact of existential therapy on psychological well-being is more than compassion-based therapy and on the contrary, the effect of compassion-based therapy on marital confusion is more than existential therapy. It should be noted thatthe durability of treatment effect is maintained after two months.

 According to research findings, existential therapy and compassion-based therapy can be used to increase psychological well-being and reduce marital confusion.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that can cause neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Considering the vital role of mitochondria in aerobic metabolism, its function is significantly related to the pathophysiology of diabetes. In addition, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) from organic fuel molecules during the process of oxidative phosphorylation; according to evidence, ROS and the oxidative stress caused by them are very important for the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications.In addition to causing oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) impair mitochondrial function and are responsible for major complications of diabetes, such as nephropathy and retinopathy.

This review was written based on findings from a search of the Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases from 1974 to 2019.

Mitochondria, due to their essential role in energy production and cell survival, lead to impaired cell function leading to oxidative stress and apoptosis. On the other hand, free radicals and AGEs due to their specific functional properties result in impairing mitochondrial function and play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes.

 Conclude that the reduction of free radicals, inhibition of AGEs, and protection of the proper function of mitochondria can be considered as the strategy to treat and improve the diabetes complications.